Kualitas Destinasi Pariwisata dan Sapta Pesona

Kualitas Destinasi Pariwisata dan Sapta Pesona

Kualitas Destinasi Pariwisata

Apabila suatu destinasi berupa daerah, resort, kawasan, atau objek dikembangkan, maka kedatangan wisatawan akan meningkat. Peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu terjadi sangat nyata. Pada umumnya perkembangan ini mengalami 4 (empat) tahap.

1. Tahap pertama merupakan awal dari perkembangan, ditandai dengan jumlah wisatawan, tetapi kurang signifikan.
2. Pada tahap kedua, jumlah wisatawan meningkat tajam.
3. Tahap ketiga, Perkembangan jumlah wisatawan mulai melambat atau boleh dikatakan berhenti pada tahap ketiga. Pertumbuhan yang melambat ini bisa disebabkan karena terjadinya kerusakan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup. Terjadinya pertumbuhan jumlah wisatawan yang menurun bisa juga disebabkan karena mulai terjadi kejenuhan pasar wisata sebagai akibat ketidak puasan wisatawan terhadap pelayanan dan kualitas daya tarik wisata.
4. Tahap keempat,  mulai terjadinya kerusakan pada daya tarik wisata. Kondisi seperti ini disebut daya dukung lingkungan pariwisata telah terlampaui. Pada saat demikian ini, upaya pembinaan pariwisata sangat diperlukan. Proses ini akan berulang terus.

Pada hakekatnya kualitas daya tarik wisata dipengaruhi oleh daya dukungnya. Daya dukung pariwisata ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah jumlah wisatawan, aktivitas wisatawan, intensitas, pengaruh wisatawan, kualitas dan daya pulih secara alami serta tingkat pengelolaan.

Untuk dapat mempertahankan keaslian, keutuhan, dan kelestarian daya tarik wisata, pola pengembangan kepariwisataan alam didasarkan pada potensi dasarnya. Semakin rentan suatu kawasan, seperti desa wisata, cagar alam, suaka margasatwa, atau taman nasional, maka pengembangnnya harus berdasar potensi dasarnya tersebut.

Sapta Pesona

Pengembangan berdasarkan potensi dasar, kemungkinan tidak dapat menghasilkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang banyak dan meningkat tajam. Tetapi wisatawan berkunjung jumlahnya relatif sedikit dengan segmen yang kecil. Wisatawan yang berkunjung ke daya tarik desa wisata tersegmentasi yaitu pada wisatawan minat khusus. Perjalanan wisatawan yang demikian menginginkan suatu perjalanan yang berkualitas. Wisatawan akan dapat secara langsung kontak secara mendalam dengan objek alam atau masyarakat setempat. Sebagai konsekuensi pola perjalanan yang demikian adalah perjalanan yang lama sehingga secara tidak langsung meningkatkan lama tinggal wisatawan (length of stay). Barangkali perjalanan yang demikian menimbulkan belanja harian wisatawan (tourist expenditure) yang rendah namun mempunyai manfaat meningkatkan peluang kerja dan peningkatan penyebaran pembangunan yang lebih luas dan merata. Sebab in route benefit dari perjalanan wisatawan ke objek dan atraksi alam lebih banyak dan beragam.

Unsur-unsur Sapta Pesona

Sapta pesona merupakan sebutan bagi 7 unsur pengembangan dan pengelolaan daya tarik wisata di Indonesia. Sapta Pesona terdiri dari:

1. Aman.
2. Tertib.
3. Bersih.
4. Sejuk.
5. Indah.
6. Ramah.
7. Kenangan.

 1.          Aman (Keamanan).

Tujuan: menciptakan lingkungan yang aman bagi wisatawan dan berlangsungnya kegiatan kepariwisataan, sehingga wisatawan tidak merasa cemas dan dapat menikmati kunjungannya.

Bentuk Aksi:

1. Tidak mengganggu wisatawan.
2. Menolong dan melindungi wisatawan.
3. Bersahabat terhadap wisatawan.
4. Memelihara keamanan lingkungan.
5. Membantu memberi informasi kepada wisatawan.
6. Menjaga lingkungan yang bebas dari bahaya penyakit menular.
7. Meminimalkan resiko kecelakaan dalam penggunaan fasilitas publik.

2.          Tertib (Ketertiban)

Tujuan: Menciptakan lingkungan yang tertib bagi berlangsungnya kegiatan kepariwisataan yang mampu nenberikan layanan teratur dan efektif bagi wisatawan.

Bentuk Aksi:

1. Mewujudkan budaya antri.
2. Memelihara lingkungan dengan mentaati peraturan yang berlaku.
3. Disiplin/tepat waktu.
4. Serba teratur, rapi dan lancar.
5. Semua sisi kehidupan berbangsa dan bermasyarakat menunjukkan keteraturan yang tinggi.

3.          Bersih (Kebersihan)

Tujuan: Menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih bagi berlangsungnya kegiatan kepariwisataan yang mampu memberikan layanan higienis bagi wisatawan.

Bentuk aksi:

1. Tidak membuang sampah/limbah sembarangan.
2. Turut menjaga kebersihan sarana dan lingkungan daya tarik wisata.
3. Menyiapkan sajian makanan dan minuman yang higienis.
4. Menyiapkan perlengkapan penyajian makanan dan minuman yang bersih.
5. Pakaian dan penampilan petugas yang bersih dan rapi.

 4.          Sejuk (kesejukan)

Tujuan: menciptakan lingkungan yang nyaman bagi berlangsungnya kegiatan kepariwisataan yang mampu menawarkan suasana yang nyaman dan rasa ”betah” bagi wisatawan, sehingga mendorong lama tinggal dan kunjungan lebih panjang.

Bentuk aksi:

1. melaksanakan penghijauan dengan menanam pohon.
2. Memelihara penghijauan di daya tarik wisata serta jalur wisata.
3. Menjaga kondisi sejuk dalam ruangan umum, hotel, penginapan, restoran, alat transportasi dan tempat lainnya.

 5.          Indah (Keindahan)

Tujuan: Menciptakan lingkungan yang indah bagi berlangsungnya kegiatan kepariwisataan yang mampu menawarkan suasana yang menarik dan menumbuhkan kesan yang mendalam bagi wisatawan, sehingga mendorong promosi ke kalangan/pasar yang lebih luas dan potensi kunjungan ulang.

Bentuk aksi:

1. Menjaga keindahan daya tarik wisata dalam tatanan yang harmoni dan alami.
2. Menata tempat tinggal dan lingkungan secara teratur, tertib, dan serasi serta menjaga karakter lokal.
3. Menjaga keindahan vegetasi, tanaman hias dan peneduh sebagai elemen estetika lingkungan yang bersifat natural.

 6.          Ramah (Keramahtamahan)

Tujuan: Menciptakan lingkungan yang ramah bagi berlangsungnya kegiatan kepariwisataan yang mampu menawarkan suasana yang akrab, bersahabat serta seperti di ”rumah sendiri” (at home) bagi wisatawan, sehingga mendorong minat kunjungan ulang dan promosi yang positif bagi prospek pasar yang lebih luas.

Bentuk Aksi:

1. Bersikap sebagai tuan rumah yang baik dan rela membantu wisatawan.
2. Memberi informasi tentang adat istiadat secara sopan.
3. Para petugas bisa menampilkan sikap dan perilaku yang terpuji.
4. Menampilkan senyum dan keramahtamahan yang tulus.

7. Kenangan.

Tujuan: Menciptakan memori yang berkesan bagi wisatawan, sehingga pengalaman perjalanan/kunjungan wisata yang dilakukan dapat terus membekas dalam benak wisatawan, dan menumbuhkan motivasi untuk berkunjung ulang.

Bentuk Aksi:

1. Menggali dan mengangkat keunikan budaya lokal.
2. Menyajikan makanan dan minuman khas lokal yang bersih, sehat dan menarik.
3. Menyediakan cenderamata yang menarik, unik/khas serta mudah dibawa.

 Jenis Jenis Usaha Kepariwisataan

 1.  Pengertian.

Usaha Pariwisata adalah usaha yang menyediakan barang dan/atau jasa bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan wisatawan dan penyelenggaraan pariwisata.

Pengusaha Pariwisata adalah orang atau sekelompok orang yang melakukan kegiatan usaha pariwisata.

Industri Pariwisata adalah kumpulan usaha pariwisata yang saling terkait dalam rangka menghasilkan barang dan/atau jasa bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan wisatawan dalam penyelenggaraan pariwisata.

 2.  Jenis Usaha Pariwisata.

Menurut Undang-undang No 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan, Usaha pariwisata meliputi:

1. Daya tarik wisata.
2. Kawasan pariwisata.
3. Jasa transportasi wisata.
4. Jasa perjalanan wisata.
5. Jasa makanan dan minuman.
6. Penyediaan akomodasi.
7. Penyelenggaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi.
8. Penyelenggaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi dan pameran.
9. Jasa informasi pariwisata.
10. Jasa konsultan pariwisata.
11. Jasa pramuwisata.
12. Wisata tirta.
13. Spa.

 Sumber : Pelatihan Fasilitator PNPM Pariwisata 2011, Manajemen Konsultan Stupa dan penulis

World Tourism Day

World Tourism Day (WTD) 2012 is being held under the theme Tourism & Sustainable Energy: Powering Sustainable Development. Official celebrations will take place in Maspalomas, Spain (Sept 27).

This year’s theme aims to highlight tourism’s role in a brighter energy future; a future in which the world’s entire population has access to modern, efficient and affordable energy services.

Tourism, one of the world’s largest economic sectors, has already taken important steps towards this future – improving energy efficiency and increasingly using renewable energy technologies in its operations. These steps are creating jobs, lifting people out of poverty and helping to protect the planet.   

Be part of World Tourism Day 2012! Take part in the photo competition, go to online energy school, let us know how you will be celebrating and keep checking back for more information on WTD activities and celebrations.

Understanding Tourism

Understanding Tourism: Basic Glossary

Understanding Tourism: Basic Glossary

The glossary has been made possible thanks to the international community’s work on defining a new conceptual framework for measuring and analysing tourism economics; an effort that lasted almost three years (2005/2007). The international consensus that followed, in the form of United Nations approved International Recommendations, establishes the concepts, definitions, classifications and the basic set of data and indicators that should be part of any national System of Tourism Statistics.

Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure.

As such, tourism has implications on the economy, on the natural and built environment, on the local population at the destination and on the tourists themselves. Due to these multiple impacts, the wide range and variety of production factors required to produce those goods and services acquired by visitors, and the wide spectrum of stakeholders involved or affected by tourism, there is a need for a holistic approach to tourism development, management and monitoring. This approach is strongly recommended in order to formulate and implement national and local tourism policies as well as the necessary international agreements or other processes in respect of tourism.

Business visitor
A business visitor is a visitor whose main purpose for a tourism trip corresponds to the business and professional category.

Country of reference
The country of reference refers to the country for which the measurement is done.

As a general observation, it should be noted that in the International Recommendations 2008:
(a) The term “country” can be transposed to a different geographical level using the term “place” instead (either a region, municipality or other subnational geographic location);
(b) The term “long-term” is used as the equivalent of a year or more and “short-term” as less than a year.

Country of residence
The country of residence of a household is determined according to the centre of predominant economic interest of its members. If a person resides (or intends to reside) for more than one year in a given country and has there his/her centre of economic interest (for example, where the predominant amount of time is spent), he/she is considered as a resident of this country.

Destination (main destination) of a trip
The main destination of a tourism trip is defined as the place visited that is central to the decision to take the trip. See also purpose of a tourism trip.

Domestic tourism
Comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the country of reference, either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of an outbound tourism trip.

Economic analysis
Tourism generates directly and indirectly an increase in economic activity in the places visited (and beyond), mainly due to demand for goods and services that need to be produced and provided.

In the economic analysis of tourism, one may distinguish between tourism’s ‘economic contribution’ which refers to the direct effect of tourism and is measurable by means of the TSA, and tourism’s ‘economic impact’ which is a much broader concept encapsulating the direct, indirect and induced effects of tourism and which must be estimated by applying models.

Economic impact studies aim to quantify economic benefits, that is, the net increase in the wealth of residents resulting from tourism, measured in monetary terms, over and above the levels that would prevail in its absence.

Employment in tourism industries
Employment in tourism industries may be measured as a count of the persons employed in tourism industries in any of their jobs, as a count of the persons employed in tourism industries in their main job, as a count of the jobs in tourism industries, or as full-time equivalent figures.

Excursionist (or same-day visitor)
A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a same-day visitor (or excursionist) if his/her trip does not include an overnight stay.

Forms of tourism
There are three basic forms of tourism: domestic tourism, inbound tourism, and outbound tourism. These can be combined in various ways to derive the following additional forms of tourism: internal tourism, national tourism and international tourism.

Inbound tourism
Comprises the activities of a non-resident visitor within the country of reference on an inbound tourism trip.

Internal tourism
Internal tourism comprises domestic tourism plus inbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident and non-resident visitors within the country of reference as part of domestic or international tourism trips.

International tourism
International tourism comprises inbound tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips.

Meetings industry
To highlight purposes relevant to the meetings industry, if a trip’s main purpose is business/professional, it can be further subdivided into “attending meetings, conferences or congresses, trade fairs and exhibitions” and “other business and professional purposes”.

The term meetings industry is preferred by the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA), Meeting Professionals International (MPI) and Reed Travel over the acronym MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions) which does not recognize the industrial nature of such activities.

MICE
See meetings industry.

National tourism
National tourism comprises domestic tourism plus outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips.

Outbound tourism
Comprises the activities of a resident visitor outside the country of reference, either as part of an outbound tourism trip or as part of a domestic tourism trip.

Place of usual residence
The place of usual residence is the geographical place where the enumerated person usually resides, and is defined by the location of his/her principal dwelling (Principles and recommendations for population and housing censuses of the United Nations, ¶¶2.20 to 2.24).

Purpose of a tourism trip (main)
The main purpose of a tourism trip is defined as the purpose in the absence of which the trip would not have taken place. Classification of tourism trips according to the main purpose refers to nine categories: this typology allows the identification of different subsets of visitors (business visitors, transit visitors, etc).

See also destination of a tourism trip

Tourism expenditure
Tourism expenditure refers to the amount paid for the acquisition of consumption goods and services, as well as valuables, for own use or to give away, for and during tourism trips.

Tourism industries
Tourism industries (also referred to as tourism activities) are the activities that typically produce tourism characteristic products.

Tourism characteristic products are those that satisfy one or both of the following criteria:
(a)  Tourism expenditure on the product (either good or service) should represent a significant share of total tourism expenditure (share-of-expenditure/demand condition);
(b)  Tourism expenditure on the product should represent a significant share of the supply of the product in the economy (share-of-supply condition). This criterion implies that the supply of a tourism characteristic product would cease to exist in meaningful quantity in the absence of visitors.

List of categories of tourism characteristic products and tourism industries

Products	Industries
1. Accommodation services for visitors	1. Accommodation for visitors
2. Food and beverage serving services	2. Food and beverage serving activities
3. Railway passenger transport services	3. Railway passenger transport
4. Road passenger transport services	4. Road passenger transport
5. Water passenger transport servcies	5. Water passenger transport
6. Air passenger transport services	6. Air passenger transport
7. Transport equipment rental services	7. Transport equipment rental
8. Travel agencies and other reservation services	8. Travel agencies and other reservation servies activities
9. Cultural services	9. Cultural activities
10. Sports and recreational services	10. Sports and recreational activities
11. Country-specific tourism characteristic goods	11. Retail trade of country-specific tourism characteristic goods
12. Country-specific tourism characteristic services	12. Other country-specific tourism characteristic activities

Tourism Satellite Account (TSA)
The Tourism Satellite Account (described in the Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008) is, besides the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008, the second international recommendation on tourism statistics that has been developed in a framework of consistency with the System of National Accounts. Both recommendations are mutually consistent and provide the conceptual framework for measuring and analyzing tourism as an economic activity.

As a statistical tool for the economic accounting of tourism, the TSA can be seen as a set of 10 summary tables, each with their underlying data and representing a different aspect of the economic data relative to tourism: inbound, domestic tourism and outbound tourism expenditure, internal tourism expenditure, production accounts of tourism industries, the Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) attributable to tourism demand, employment, investment, government consumption, and non-monetary indicators.

Tourism sector
The tourism sector, as contemplated in the TSA, is the cluster of production units in different industries that provide consumption goods and services demanded by visitors. Such industries are called tourism industries because visitor acquisition represents such a significant share of their supply that, in the absence of visitors, their production of these would cease to exist in meaningful quantity.

Tourist (or overnight visitor)
A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a tourist (or overnight visitor), if his/her trip includes an overnight stay.

Travel / tourism
Travel refers to the activity of travellers. A traveller is someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose and any duration. The visitor is a particular type of traveller and consequently tourism is a subset of travel.

Travel party
A travel party is defined as visitors travelling together on a trip and whose expenditures are pooled.

Trip
A trip refers to the travel by a person from the time of departure from his/her usual residence until he/she returns: it thus refers to a round trip. Trips taken by visitors are tourism trips.

Usual environment
The usual environment of an individual, a key concept in tourism, is defined as the geographical area (though not necessarily a contiguous one) within which an individual conducts his/her regular life routines.

Vacation home
A vacation home (sometimes also designated as a holiday home) is a secondary dwelling that is visited by the members of the household mostly for purposes of recreation, vacation or any other form of leisure.

Visit
A trip is made up of visits to different places. The term tourism visit refers to a stay in a place visited during a tourism trip.

Visitor
A visitor is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a tourist (or overnight visitor), if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (or excursionist) otherwise.

This Annex includes some key concepts and the corresponding definitions as conveyed in the new International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008 (IRTS 2008). While some of them focus exclusively on the economic measurement of tourism, others (like the key concepts of visitors –including tourists and excursionists-, trip, usual environment, forms of tourism, etc.) are also applicable to other areas of analysis and research.